带状疱疹愈合后持续1个月及以上的疼痛，是带状疱疹的常见并发症。由于疱疹病毒可侵袭神经，导致神经元功能紊乱、异位放电、外周及中枢敏化，往往会出现严重剧烈的疼痛。这一慢性疼痛往往处理棘手，常需综合治疗多管齐下。
在积极的对症止痛治疗中，患者需要注意哪些营养问题？看看北京协和医院带状疱疹多学科全病程管理团队的医生们怎么说——
膳食均衡合理，改善生活质量
北京协和医院临床营养科副主任医师李融融介绍，伴随剧烈、反复发作的疼痛症状，带状疱疹后神经痛(PHN)患者常伴膳食、睡眠、精神情绪与情感的失调。在PHN的综合治疗管理中，调整并建立合理适宜的膳食是非常重要的内容，应保证患者均衡适量的营养素摄入，避免营养状况受损，提高生命质量，改善生活状态，维持健康体重。
2022版《中国居民膳食指南》提炼出我国居民予以平衡膳食的主要准则：应做到食物多样，合理搭配。谷类是膳食能量摄入的基础，壮年人一般每日摄入谷类食物200～300g，其中应包含全谷物和杂豆类、薯类等。在此之上，人们还应保证每日摄入充足的蔬果、奶类、大豆以及适量的鱼、禽、蛋、瘦肉。中国营养学会建议，每人应平均每天摄入12种以上食物，每周25种以上，合理搭配，少盐少油，控糖限酒。
参考平衡膳食的基本原则，有助于改善PHN患者的膳食营养及生活质量。如因疼痛不适显著影响了进食量，如下降超过平日量的1/4，甚至出现了体重下降趋势，则更应*惕营养摄入不足，积极加强膳食补充，及时就医评估，必要时予以积极营养支持。
合理选择“抗炎膳食”，益于痛觉脱敏
北京协和医院临床营养科主任医师于康介绍，PHN慢性疼痛发生，某种程度上就像一场化学反应，反应中往往有炎性细胞的参与。炎症介质的释放、症状的发作中、外周或中枢神经敏化，也会进一步放大疼痛信号的传递。因此，炎症的控制和改善，也有利于降低人体对于痛觉的感知。
“抗炎膳食”，顾名思义，就是有助于改善体内炎症、降低氧化应激水平的膳食。国内外学者发现，一些特定类型的食物可能与体内的炎症指标、炎症因子水平增高相关，主要包括各类加工食品，休闲零食、油炸食品，加工肉类，添加糖饮料等。反之，低加工的健康食品则有助于改善机体的炎症水平，包括粗、杂粮类全谷物，低脂禽类肉食，蛋类，富脂的海鱼(如鲑鱼、金枪鱼、鲱鱼或鲭鱼)，豆类，坚果和种子。
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