据介绍，带状疱疹是由长期潜伏在脊髓后根神经节或颅神经节内的水痘—带状疱疹病毒(VZV)经再激活引起的感染性皮肤病。90%以上的成人体内都潜伏有水痘—带状疱疹病毒，随着年龄增长，免疫系统功能下降，水痘—带状疱疹病毒特异性的细胞免疫功能也随之降低，带状疱疹的发病率呈现升高的趋势。据统计，中国50岁以上人群每年新发带状疱疹约156万人。
首都医科大学附属复兴医院月坛社区卫生服务中心教授、中国医师协会全科医师分会名誉会长杜雪平提醒，带状疱疹离人们很近，任何年龄都有可能发生，50岁以上为易发人群。即使身体健康，中老年人50岁后患带状疱疹的风险仍会陡然增加，尤其是有基础慢性病的中老年人更容易罹患带状疱疹。“此外，免疫抑制或免疫功能低下人群，如肿瘤、HIV、自身免疫性疾病患者，或长期接受糖皮质激素、免疫抑制剂和放疗的患者，也应当*惕带状疱疹的伺机而动，避免病上加病，导致治疗更复杂。”
数据显示，相比一般人，糖尿病、慢性肾病、心血管疾病、慢性阻塞性肺病、类风湿关节炎的患者发生带状疱疹疾病的风险增加。其中，糖尿病患者带状疱疹风险增加84%，心血管疾病患者带状疱疹风险增加34%，慢阻肺患者带状疱疹风险增加41%。患带状疱疹会影响慢性病控制，糖尿病患者得带状疱疹会导致血糖控制更加困难。慢性病患者得带状疱疹后，感受到的痛感更强。
杜雪平建议，常在社区医院进行慢性病管理的人群，可向自己的家庭医生咨询自身患带状疱疹的风险，积极通过饮食、运动、睡眠等生活方式的调节，以及获得特异性免疫例如注射疫苗来进行提前预防。同时，发生带状疱疹后也要尽快咨询自己的家庭签约医生，获得尽早治疗。
“皮肤病有2000多种，带状疱疹是其中最疼的疾病之一。对于某些患者而言，带状疱疹的疼痛更甚于分娩。”中日友好医院副院长、皮肤科主任崔勇指出，尤其是50岁以后，随着年龄增长，带状疱疹的发病趋势更为明显。
北京协和医院麻醉科主任医师唐帅表示，疼痛是影响带状疱疹患者生活质量的最重要因素。水痘—带状疱疹病毒会侵害、损伤人体神经，导致阵发性或持续性剧痛，疼痛如灼烧、电击、刀割、针刺、撕裂般，最高可达十级痛感，可能更甚于分娩阵痛。带状疱疹后神经痛是带状疱疹最常见的并发症，老年人或女性有前驱痛的患者，患带状疱疹后神经痛的风险显著增高。
研究显示，10%至30%的带状疱疹患者会出现带状疱疹后神经痛，其患病率随年龄增加呈现升高趋势，约65%的60岁及以上带状疱疹患者会发生带状疱疹后神经痛。目前，我国约有400万带状疱疹后神经痛患者，30%至50%带状疱疹后神经痛患者疼痛时间超过1年。
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