疱疹是由疱疹病毒感染所导致的一类传染性皮肤疾病，我们生活中多见的一般为单纯疱疹和水痘—带状疱疹病毒，口唇疱疹和生殖器疱疹均是由单纯疱疹引起的病毒性皮肤病，带状疱疹由水痘—带状疱疹病毒感染引起。
口唇疱疹，通过飞沫、唾液和疱液（疱疹里面的液体）直接接触传播。
生殖器疱疹多是通过性行为感染，也可通过母婴传播。
带状疱疹的诱发因素则包括：长期精神紧张、疲劳、熬夜；长期服用糖皮质激素；高龄；患有白血病、骨髓移植、HIV感染、恶性肿瘤等免疫缺陷疾病等。
其中，有着“顶级疼痛”“不死的癌症”等称号的带状疱疹再度引发关注热议。
据患者描述，带状疱疹的痛感仿佛如刀割、火烧、电击、鞭抽，哪怕疱疹消失，不少患者的疼痛还会延续，短则一个月，长则数十年。
95%的人群是带状疱疹潜在患者
中日友好医院疼痛科主任樊碧发、武汉市第一医院皮肤科副主任医师陈志平在接受生命时报采访时表示，据血清学研究显示，超过95%的人群水痘—带状疱疹病毒抗体呈阳性。这意味着，95%以上的人都是带状疱疹的潜在得病人群。
有人会问，水痘不是能终身免疫吗？为什么成年后还会被水痘—带状疱疹病毒侵袭？
实际上，小时候的水痘似乎是痊愈了，但病毒沿感觉神经，侵入脊神经节或脑神经感觉神经节内并潜伏。当我们的机体抵抗力低下或劳累、紧张、生活压力大、感染、感冒时，就可能引发带状疱疹。
带状疱疹如何预防？
带状疱疹有时会被误认为是接触性皮炎、虫咬性皮炎、脓疱疮。预防带状疱疹的方法包括：提高基础抵抗力、均衡饮食、适度锻炼以及接种疫苗。
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